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Mexico , a beautiful nation located in
Central America , is a country of "large
numbers." For example, its coastline of
splendid beaches washed by crystal clear
water is over 10.000 km in length. Its
population is almost one hundred million
people and there are over 50 spoken American
Indian dialects that represent a colourful
universe, where numerous traditions have
mixed throughout the centuries thus creating
an incredible culture. However, what the
numbers cannot tell is the exhilarating
environment experienced in Mexican soil
and the strong emotions perceived in front
of wonderful archaeological sites that
carry the memory of the most important
pre-Colombian civilizations. The Mayan
ruins, the Aztec temples and the rests
of all the ancient settlements and civilizations
that have lived in Mexico take you on
a fantastic trip to the past. History
talks about a country whose destiny was
changed after the arrival of the Spanish
Conquistadores and that was "turned on"
when the peasant's revolted against the
unequal distribution of wealth. The chronicle
of the guerrillas that armed the desperate
poor people with guns started in 1910
with Emiliano Zapata and arrives to our
days with the Comandante Marcos and his
struggle for a better Chiapas less than
10 years ago. Today, Mexico is a country
that welcomes millions of tourists from
around the world at its many international
airports and places them in world class
hotels. These tourists come to Mexico
every year to discover the naturel beauties
of the country and leave enchanted by
the magic of the many archaeological treasures.
Mexico remains a state full of contradictions
that works hard for economical stability
wisely led by the democratic president
Vicente Fox.
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Although the first settlements
date back to an earlier
time, the origin of the
first pre-Columbian civilization
is thought to be the year
1500 b.C. To the most ancient
society, the Olmecs, we
owe the origins of the Mexican
calendar and the writing
system. In Mexican land
there have been four identified
civilizations: Teotihuacán,
Maya, Toltec, and Aztec,
a civilization of great
warriors that was surprisingly
conquered by a rather small
group of Spanish Conquistadores
led by Hernan Cortez. The
Conquistadores, that were
friendly welcomed and considered
divinities by the Aztecs,
did not hesitate to destroy
the cities of the empire
and to exterminate the American-Indians
that populated them. |
In the year 1520, Mexico
becomes the New Spain ,
a vice-kingdom of the Iberian
Monarchy. History had to
wait until 1810 to witness
the first local rebellion
against the Spanish policies
of exploitation and until
1821 for the declaration
of independence. Subsequently,
Mexico is defeated by the
United States (1848) and
the country loses a large
portion of its territory,
including Texas . Following
this defeat comes a time
of French intervention when
the European nation conquers
the country and grants it
to Maximilian of Austria
(1863). He is removed from
power a few years later.
The most important political
figure of this time is Porfirio
Diaz that holds the power
from 1876 to 1911, while
the most important events
is the revolution of 1910,
led by Emiliano Zapata,
that fought for a more equal
distribution of wealth.
The conflict between the
upper class and the Indians
did not end there. In 1994
the region of Chiapas witnesses
a bloody war between local
guerrillas and the national
army. The Armed forces did
not hesitate to violently
suppress the efforts of
the subversive groups led
by the Comandante Marcos.
The victory of the National
Action Party (PAN) in the
year 2000 and the election
of Vicente Fox as president
marked an end to the long
control by the Institutional
Revolutionary Party (PRI).
This change in power opened
once again avenues for dialogue
between the government and
the guerrillas. Among the
outstanding goals of the
Mexican government, one
of the most important ones
is still to solve the "
Chiapas issue". |
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Population: 97.362.000
Surface Area: 1.964.375
km2
Capital: Mexico City
(Population 8.500.000 people)
Language: Official:
Spanish. However, there are over 50 Indian
languages spoken in Mexico
Currency: Mexican Peso.
Time Zone: The southern
region: GMT -7hours. The northern region
of Baja California , Chihuahua , and Sonora
( Western Mexico ): GMT - 6Hours. The
rest of the southern region, the middle
and the eastern region: GMT -5 hours.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
Travel Documentation:
A valid passport is required to enter
the country. Also, a "Tourist Card," that
can be obtained at the Mexican General
Consulate and major travel agencies, is
needed. Usually, if you go to Mexico on
an organized tour, the card is included
and can be filled out in the airplane.
For visits of less than 30 days, a visa
is not required. The above mentioned formalities
are not required for visits to the cities
located near the US border.
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Mexico City-
Puebla : 128 km
Mexico City- Palenque :
1.004 km
Mexico City- Guadalajara
: 550 km
Mexico City- Merida : 1.525
km
Mexico City- Morelia :
313 km
Mexico City- Cancun : 2.200
km
Mexico City- Oaxaca : 530
km
Mexico City- Queretaro
: 225 km |
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